Abstract Objective: To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with malocclusions in preschool children. Material and Methods: A census, epidemiological study, with a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytic sample, was carried out with children aged between 4 and 6 years, matriculated in preschools in the town of Aiquara, Bahia, Brazil. Malocclusion in the deciduous dentition was determined through the application of the index proposed by WHO, with the Foster and Hamilton criteria also being incorporated. The data was tabulated in duplicate in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and following correction, was analyzed using the SPSS, STATA and PAST Software. In order to identify the associated factors, we opted for Multiple Poisson regression analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results: A total of 148 children were examined and the general prevalence of malocclusions was 69.59%, with 57.5% in the group of 4-year-old, 76.92% those aged 5 years old and 72.46% among children aged 6 years old. In terms of primary canines, 66.2% were identified as class I, 25.7% as class II and 8.1% as class III. Normal overjet was 41.2%, increased overjet 34.5%, edge to edge bite 17.6% and anterior crossbite 6.8%. The normal overbite 51.4%, reduced 20.9% and deep 8.1%. Of the individuals, 20.9% had posterior crossbite. In the Poisson regression analysis and PCA, a statistical association between the malocclusions and dental caries, duration of use of pacifiers, onychophagia and thumb sucking, was identified. Conclusion: The prevalence of malocclusion in preschool children in the small town of Aiquara is high and the associated factors identified are capable of control and prevention.

Resumen El uso de drogas trae diversos problemas para la salud bucal, aumentando la prevalencia de las enfermedades de caries y periodontales, representando un serio problema de salud pública. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la prevalencia de las enfermedades periodontales y caries en usuarios de drogas institucionalizadas. Estudio epidemiológico, transversal, censitario y analítico realizado con usuarios de drogas institucionalizadas en el período de agosto de 2016 a junio de 2017. Los examinadores estandarizados aplicaron formulario para recolección de datos sociodemográficos y consumo de drogas. Las caries dentales fueron evaluadas a través del índice CPO-D y la enfermedad periodontal a través de los indicadores clínicos: sangrado al sondeo, índice de placa, índice gengival, profundidad de sondeo y nivel de inserción clínica. Se evaluaron 112 individuos del sexo masculino, media de edad de 36,7 años (Dp ± 11,5). La droga más consumida fue el alcohol (92,0%) por cerca de 19,4 años (Dp ± 11.08), seguido del tabaco (70,95%) en promedio por 18,0 años (Dp ± 11,66), (65,2%) por 13,7 años (Dp ± 8,22), cocaína (53,3%) por 8,5 años (Dp ± 6,00) y crack (50,0%) por 11, 1 años (Dp ± 7,18). La prevalencia de la enfermedad caries fue del 97,3% y de la enfermedad periodontal 51,5%. Se concluye que la población estudiada presentó alta prevalencia de caries y enfermedad periodontal y existió correlación entre el tiempo de uso del alcohol y tabaco con la enfermedad periodontal y con mayor CPO-D.

Resumo O uso de drogas traz diversos malefícios para a saúde bucal, aumentando a prevalência das doenças cárie dentária e periodontal, representando um sério problema de saúde pública. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a prevalência das doenças cárie dentária e periodontal em usuários de drogas institucionalizados. Estudo epidemiológico, transversal, censitário e analítico realizado com usuários de drogas institucionalizados no período de agosto de 2016 a junho de 2017. Examinadores padronizados aplicaram um formulário para coleta de dados sociodemográficos e consumo de drogas. A cárie dentária foi avaliada através do índice CPO-D e a doença periodontal através dos indicadores clínicos: sangramento à sondagem, índice de placa, índice gengival, profundidade de sondagem e nível de inserção clínica. Foram avaliados 112 indivíduos do sexo masculino, média de idade de 36,7 anos (Dp±11,5). A droga mais consumida foi o álcool (92,0 %) por cerca de 19,4 anos (Dp±11.08), seguido do tabaco (70,95%) em média por 18,0 anos (Dp±11,66), maconha (65,2%) por 13,7 anos (Dp±8,22), cocaína (53,3%) por 8,5 anos (Dp±6,00) e crack (50,0%) por 11,1 anos (Dp±7,18). Conclui-se que a prevalência da doença de cárie foi 97,3% e da doença periodontal 51,5%. A população estudada apresentou alta prevalência de cárie dentária e doença periodontal e houve correlação entre o tempo de uso do álcool e tabaco com a doença periodontal e com maior CPO-D.

Abstract Drug use causes several health hazards to oral health, increasing the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal diseases, representing a serious public health problem. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dental and periodontal caries in institutionalized drug users. It is an epidemiological, cross-sectional, census-based, analytical study with institutionalized drug users, carried out from August 2016 to June 2017. Standardized examiners applied a form to collect sociodemographic data and on drug consumption. Dental caries were evaluated through the DMFT index and periodontal disease through clinical indicators: bleeding at probing, plaque index, gingival index, probing depth and level of clinical insertion. A total of 112 males, mean age 36.7 years (Dp ± 11.5) were evaluated. The most commonly used drug was alcohol (92.0%) for about 19.4 years (Dp ± 11.08), followed by tobacco (70.95%) on average for 18.0 years (Dp ± 11.66), marijuana (65.2%) for 13.7 years (Dp ± 8.22), cocaine (53.3%) for 8.5 years (Dp ± 6.00) and crack (50.0%) for 11.1 year (Dp ± 7.18). It is concluded that the prevalence of caries was 97.3% and of periodontal disease 51.5%. The studied population presented high prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease and there was a correlation between alcohol and tobacco use time with periodontal disease and with higher DMFT.